Exposing Douglas Dietrich: Part 3: "The Real Operation Highjump"

Fact or Fiction?

The Secret Diary of Adm. Richard E. Byrd, Jr. and Operation Highjump

Patriot Outlaws Radio - February 22, 2020

Part 3: "The Real Operation Highjump"

Introduction: (Mack)

Gunner: Last week we used legitimate sources to prove Operation High Jump had nothing to do with Nazi Secret Bases or attacks by UFOs. Tonight we will use legitimate sources to reveal Operation High Jump as it really was.

I've heard it said that "history is boring" and that studying it is "tedious and a waste of time" but I don't think so. I think the true history of Operation Highjump is just as interesting as the fake ones and if I present it well, listeners won't won't find it boring at all.

This topic has a lot of minutiae - with logs and reports etc, So I broke it down into categories were the most important and informative.

Mission:

Highjump was primarily a military operation but it was definitely a scientific expedition. It was one of a series of military operations designed to train the Navy in polar operations. Polar training was regarded as a strategic imperative by US military planners who saw the Soviet Union as a threat, and an Arctic war as likely.

Although it was classified information at the time because U.S. military planners wanted to establish a defensive outpost at the South Pole out of concerns that the country could be attacked by Soviet bombers flying over both poles.

Another behind the scenes motivating factor for the deployment was for the U.S. to be able to claim sovereignty over a large portion of Antarctica, but the military denied that allegation. In the post-war period, various countries had laid claim to portions of the continent.

Highjump’s official objectives (US Navy 1947) were:

(a) training personnel and testing equipment in frigid conditions; (b) consolidating and extending United States sovereignty over the largest practicable area of the Antarctic continent (This was publicly denied as a goal even before the expedition ended)

(c) determining the feasibility of establishing, maintaining and utilizing bases in the Antarctic and investigating possible base sites;

(d) developing techniques for establishing, maintaining and utilizing air bases on ice, with particular attention to later applicability of such techniques to operations in interior Greenland, where conditions are comparable to those in the Antarctic;

(e) amplifying existing stores of knowledge of hydrographic, geographic, geological, meteorological and electro-magnetic propagation conditions in the area.

Publicity:

Highjump’s strategic military objectives were widely publicized at the time before November 1946 and after. In an article reprinted in prominent newspapers (New York Times 9 February 1947; Montreal Daily Star 8 February 1947), Cruzen noted that Highjump showed that the Navy was capable of providing ‘waterborne supplies’ to troops operating ‘under the most stringent polar conditions’ from ‘far-flung Arctic bases’. (New York Times 2 March 1947).

Highjump was not a secret operation.

There were 11 journalists aboard the Highjump ships. Among them were the distinguished US war correspondent Lee Van Atta (who was not, as claimed by Goodrick Clarke (2002), Chilean), and the science writer of the New York Times, Walter Sullivan.

Between 2 December 1946, and 22 March 1947, the 11 journalists transmitted over 2,000 messages totaling 478,338 words to Radio Washington, for onward transmission to their employers (US Navy 1947). Some of the people on the expedition wrote books about their experiences (Byrd 1947; Sullivan 1957).

There were several camera crews from the Navy, Coast Guard, USMC, US Army and civilian news reporters who documented the expedition.

Given the tremendous degree of press coverage, it is misleading to state: ‘little other information was released to the media about the mission, although most journalists were suspicious of its true purpose given the huge amount of military hardware involved.’

The expedition was a big deal and the country was excited about it, especially since it was peacetime. There was even a campaign beginning in November 1946 with a press-release for people to send self-addressed, stamped envelopes to Antarctica, and have them returned in reply, complete with the Operations "cancelation postmarks" These returned postcards (covers) became popular collectors items.

Note: During my research, I kept noticing the mention of lots of mail! And I wondered how did all this mail get down there and how did all these postcard "covers" get sent back? I discovered a Navy press release dated Nov 19, 1946 that gave instructions and a deadline of Dec 1st.

"As a result of this publicity, 42 mailbags of "stamp/seal" requests were delivered to the MOUNT OLYMPUS prior to her departure from Norfolk on December 2. Covers were submitted for addresses in 125 different countries, including such places as North Borneo, Saudi Arabia and El Salvador (ROH, Annex 16). Assisted by PC2 D.M. Harris, and at least seven others, CDR Vogeley commenced the enormous task of opening and processing these requests shortly after MOUNT OLYMPUS headed south. "

"Having started south through the ice pack of the Ross Sea on December 30, 1946, we felt quite confident that we would be at Little America by about January 5, so we postmarked all the covers January 10, 1947, with the regulation U.S.S. MOUNT OLYMPUS postmark." (Vogeley, 1947).

In fact, MOUNT OLYMPUS was still fighting her way through the heavy pack ice of the Ross Sea with the other ships of Central Group on January 10. She did not reach Little America until nearly a week later.

The actual application of postmarks and cachets commenced on January 3, but it was not until mid-month that the task was completed. Given the large volume of covers to be handled, it is surprising to note that the great majority have neatly applied postmarks and clear cachet impressions. That such service would be appreciated by philatelists was recognized by the Navy, and in the Public Affairs annex to Report of Operation Highjump this is made clear:

"Every effort was made to painstakingly apply the stamp/seals to the envelopes and answer the hundreds of letters containing requests for autographs, or desiring miscellaneous information about the expedition." (ROH, Annex 16).

Upon completion of this substantial undertaking, the philatelic mail was transferred to the USCGC NORTHWIND which departed the Bay of Whales on January 20. NORTHWIND transferred the mail to the USS PHILIPPINE SEA which in turn carried the covers to the Panama Canal Zone. There they were deposited at Balboa for onward transmission to their addresses on February 18.

Yet, the task of handling philatelic requests resulting from the November news release was not over for MOUNT OLYMPUS. Due to the short notice prior to the December 1 deadline date, many requests arrived after MOUNT OLYMPUS' departure from the States. CDR Vogeley was advised by radio message on December 17 that a "heavy volume" of philatelic mail had continued to accumulate in New York and that it would be sent south when the PHILIPPINE SEA departed the States in early January.

Note: Just imagine that sort of public participation! And the hundreds of "school projects" with thousands of American schoolchildren who mailed these envelopes, anxiously awaiting a response!

I did something similar in school after Apollo/Soyuz (1975): and NASA sent me a letter and a bunch of 8x10 photos...

In order to be prepared for this further deluge, Vogeley immediately requisitioned an additional half dozen HIGHJUMP cachet rubber stamps and an equal number of MOUNT OLYMPUS postmarks. These were carried south by PHILIPPINE SEA in January along with the mail, were transferred to NORTHWIND, and finally delivered to MOUNT OLYMPUS at Little America on January 30 (Vogeley, 1947).

While estimates of the total number of philatelic covers serviced by MOUNT OLYMPUS during HIGHJUMP vary considerably, the most reliable estimate is a total of approximately 150,000 upwards to a report of 650,000 covers made by the New York Times in a MOUNT OLYMPUS datelined dispatch of December 10, 1946 (Polar Times, 1946).

Highjump returned "Cover" signed by ADM Byrd

The official report of the operation (US Navy 1947) was published in three volumes comprising the narrative and 24 extensive annexes on operational matters such as Aviation, Ship Operations, Communications, Navigation, Cargo Handling, Rations, and Personnel. Mostly it concerns the minutiae of day-to-day operations in the ice. Perhaps it was because its initial classification was Confidential, and not available to the general public, that some writers thought that the US government had something to hide.

I believe that the public may have even been unaware it was unclassified in 1955. And anyone wanting to obtain a copy of the report would have had to attempt to request it from the Dept of the Navy until the Freedom of Information Act was established in 1974.

(Zundel books started same year)

The report was never classified Secret or Top Secret. Comparing the Navy report with Byrd’s 1947 paper "Our Navy Explores Antarctica," Published in "The National Geographic Magazine," October 1947, Vol. 94 No. 6. Pages 689-715. -25 pages, it is clear that the official report contains nothing of any substance that was not published in the magazine, or later by Bertrand (1967, 1971).

No evidence of information suppression appears when comparing the Byrd paper with the reports by the US services, the many journalists’ reports, and the books and articles by Sullivan, Rose, and Bertrand.

The peer-reviewed study I cited concluded that there is no evidence for any concealment. Nowhere in those articles was there any consideration of a possible threat of any kind whatsoever emanating from alleged remnants of the Third Reich. The only threat mentioned was Soviet. And the words "German or Nazi or UFO" do not appear anywhere in the 540-page report.

The US Navy flew over almost none of the territory mapped by the Germans in 1938–1939. Because the ships of the eastern and western task forces were short of time, they could only undertake a cursory survey of Dronning Maud Land, which was at the far end of their operational range.

Preparation and Equipment:

Preparations were made hastily and some delays occurred due to some of the heavy equipment being late from manufacturers. All combat aircraft had already been flown off the USS Philippine Sea and replaced by the 6 R4D(DC3) airplanes which were loaded by crane.

The two Seaplane Tenders loaded 3 PBM Mariner Flying Boats each. They also carried thousands of gallons of aviation fuel and spare parts. The seaplane tenders USS Currituck and USS Pine Island were modified for the operation including removal of weaponry:

"WHILE AT NAVAL SHIPYARD HUNTERS POINT, USS CURRITUCK AND USS PINE ISLAND Were REFITTED AND PREPARED FOR the NEXT ASSIGNMENT. THEIR
BOW 40 MM GUN TUBS AND TWO FORWARD 5-INCH GUN TURRETS WERE REMOVED AND HELICOPTER DECKS WERE INSTALLED FOR OPERATION HIGH JUMP. "

Note: I found that 3 of the four Currituck Class Seaplane tenders including the USS Norton Sound had been modified in this way, probably because the use of helicopters was becoming more common.

The equipment included at least 4 LVT amphibious tracked vehicles, a number of M29 "Weasels" (tracked), bulldozers, sleds, rollers, trucks and other heavy equipment for constructing a runway on packed ice/snow. Over 40 in all.

JATO was tested and used for lifting the heavy aircraft taking off from both the USS Philippine Sea and Little America Base. This is a clip of how they took off:

CLIP#1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-RLncjmln8&t=2441s (34:57 - 35:45) 1 min 12 seconds

ROLL CLIP#1

These were likely at the maximum take-off weight of about 30,000 lbs (15 tons)!

Personnel:

Manning the expedition was an issue as the Navy was severely drawn down after the war. (which puts claims of a heavily armed invasion force in serious question.) There was an issue of pilots who had little or no experience flying in arctic conditions. Aside from the minimal required crew compliments for sailing, many were handpicked for certain jobs but they may have had to request volunteers.

The expedition included US Navy Seabees and UDT Team 4 (Frogmen) for clearing any obstacles such as pack ice or pressure ridges using explosives and Seabees for constructing the runway.

The Tampa Bay Times interviewed two local sailors prior to the Expedition, saying:

"Tampa Bay sailor Walter Carey joined the Naval Reserve in July 1944. He immediately volunteered for underwater demolition training and was accepted into the program. Cary was preparing to sail with his demolition team to participate in the invasion of Japan when the war suddenly ended. As a result, Walter and his teammates sailed to Hawaii for more training before going to Japan to help clear the waters of mines and underwater navigation hazards. He spent nearly a year in Japan before returning to the states where he reenlisted in the regular navy. Carey was one of several UDT experts "handpicked" for Operation Highjump."

"The team, UDT 4, consisted of 26 men and five officers. Their assignment was to keep "the channel of an Antarctic harbor" ice-free during the expedition. In a telephone call to his mother, Walter Carey explained how his team would have to explode an estimated six square miles of ice daily to carry out their mission."

Note: Calling your Mom or your girlfriend and telling them details about your mission would normally be violating OPSEC!

"Another Tampa Bay sailor, Mike O'Conner, a veteran of seven combat engagements in the Pacific Theater, found himself in charge of a group of men aboard the USS PINE ISLAND that was responsible for maintaining the platforms on the forward deck of the ship. The ship was used to carry three PBM patrol planes, a small scout plane, and two helicopters."

UDT-4 also tested newly issued Arctic dry-suits in

CLIP#2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-RLncjmln8&t=2441s (40:00 - 40:40) 40 seconds.

ROLL CLIP#2

Newspaper article about UDT-4 member Walter Carey and Pacific War veteran Mike O'Conner

Quotes from the diary of Walter L. Cary member of UDT 4:

NOV 27, 1946
Underwater demolition team four went aboard MOUNT OLYMPUS, flagship for Antarctic operation.

NOV 28, 1946
The team was given a 4 day pass over Thanksgiving holiday.

NOV 29, 1946
Twenty-seven husky dogs came aboard. Had a ship farewell dance and beer party ashore.

FEB 6, 1947
Had a team picture made. At a press conference granted yesterday, Adm. Byrd summarized the accomplishments of OPERATION HIGHJUMP to date as follows
About eight new mountain ranges have been found. They range from heights of 1,500 to 15,000 feet.

The total manpower was listed at 4,700 and Byrd had stipulated that it be manned with the minimum number required.

I figured the Carrier would have the most so I checked: 3,450 at full combat strength (including aircrews), So I calculated what the total personnel would have been for each vessel based on crew compliment and came to a total of 8,025 (Full combat strength). Which makes sense because there would have been no need for fighter aircrews, gunners mates, ordinance or aviation maintenance crews. A "skeleton" crew is my guess since 4,700 is approx. 1/2 of what was needed in combat.

In all the footage I have not seen anyone carrying a rifle or even wearing a pistol side-arm!

I chose this next clip because it shows an important discovery of an ice-free area as well as a look at some of the personnel. This is where people claim in Byrds "secret diary" that he saw " a tropical climate with Wooly Mammoths running around and mountains and trees" - It was actually Byrd describing this flight:
.
"The flyboys "seemed to have dropped out of the twentieth century into a landscape of thousands of years ago when the land was just starting to emerge from one of the great ice ages", Byrd later wrote. Byrd called the discovery "by far the most important, so far as the public interest was concerned about the expedition".

Antarctic explorer Dr. Paul A. Siple (who developed cold-weather gear for the US Army later used in the Korean War), noted that the reporters aboard the USS Mount Olympus had overblown claims from Byrd’s expedition pertaining to the so-called “Bunger's Oasis...“the eleven press representatives aboard the Uss Mount Olympus had fired off dispatches to the outside world describing the oasis as a ‘Shangri-La’ and implying that it was warmed by a mysterious source of heat and might be supporting vegetation.”

CLIP#3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-RLncjmln8&t=2441s "Bunger's Oasis and "the Beard Derby" (45:21 - 48:37) 1 min 27 sec

ROLL CLIP#3

Science and Technology:

Apart from the military objectives, Operation Highjump had a scientific purpose:

There were Scientists in Oceanography, Meteorology, Geology, Radar Magnetology. A team from the USN Electronics Laboratory. There was also a team from the Engineering and Technical Service, Office of the Chief Signal Officer (Pentagon). (See PDF files in Sources)

Others included: Dr. H. Howe- USCG Geodetic Service, Dr. H. Richardson - Asst Staff Medical Officer, Jack E. Perkins- Expedition Biologist and representative for the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and Dr. Paul A. Siple - Sr.Representative of the War Department.

Siple had been on previous expeditions with Byrd in 1929 and in the 30's. The first was at age 19 as an Eagle Scout, Siple was handpicked by Byrd. He was to become a Geologist and arctic explorer himself. I have included a short bio of Siple on YouTube in my sources.

"Bathythermograph (water temperature) records were processed by the Bathythermograph Processing Section at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Salinity determinations and the analysis of a lake water sample from Antarctica were made under the direction of N. M. Rakestraw of Scripps Institution of Oceanography. D. M. Updegraff and Brian Boden of the same Institution furnished, respectively, bacteriological analyses of seafloor sediments and information on the antarctic phytoplankton."

"The geological observations included data concerning the antarctic seafloor sediments, the seafloor features, and the ice-free areas in Antarctica. The biological observations included data concerning marine growth, natural slicks, and the deep scattering layers, in the Pacific and the Antarctic Oceans."

Specimens were collected for the US Fish and Wildlife Service. While getting through the pack ice, US Marines bravely captured 6 Leopard Seals and 1 Ross Seal (rare) which were hoisted onto ships using cargo nets. There were also a number of Emperor Penguins who willingly agreed to be brought back. (Well Decks?)

There were separate reports created by these various groups which I have included in my sources.

They used the latest Trimeticon and K17 cameras also used in WW2 for photomapping.

This is a clip showing the use of these. It is also the flight that Byrd is said to have visited the "hollow earth" at the North pole in 1947. Byrd flew the farthest and encountered mountains 10,000 - 15,000feet and had to jettison gear to make altitude. This is why he was 2-3 hours later coming back. This next clip illustrates the primary mission of Photo mapping:

CLIP#4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-RLncjmln8&t=2441s (49:43 -51:47) 2 minutes

ROLL CLIP#4

Conditions:

Unlike the previous 1934 expedition where teams spent the winter, there were milder conditions with temps on the ground not reaching below zero. One overnight storm with strong winds did not damage aircraft or structures (tents and other wooden buildings). The Antarctic period of 24 hours of daylight allowed for nonstop photo mapping flights for three weeks.

Problems/Delays:

Pack ice - 600 miles wide and up to 20' high brought the ships almost to a halt. They had anticipated getting through it in less than a week, but after the first week had made only 100 miles. They suffered ship damage, loss of a helicopter due to icing rotor blades and a PBM aircraft torn from its deck in heavy seas.

The submarine, USS Sennett became repeatedly trapped and had to rescued by an icebreaker and towed to Scott Island where it served as a weather station during the rest of the operation. Pressure ridges on the Ross Ice Shelf over 50'high and 100' thick had to be blasted through. This took an additional 3-4 days to deliver over 500,000 tons of equipment and supplies.

Every ship in the Central group sustained hull damage from the ice. Two or three had to stop leaks. Others had damage to propellers and rudders which had to be repaired or replaced during the return phase.

After the operation, it was determined that coastal Ground Control points were not established for photo mapping due to ice delays. These were the early days of that type of mapping using the latest recon cameras. So a follow-up "Operation Windmill" in 1948 established at least 30 ground control points. (These days satellites are used but they still require these).

EXPLAIN GRID LAT/LONG: How to get a more precise location on a topo map:
An 8 digit grid coordinate is more accurate than a 4 digit - Depending on the scale, a grid could represent an area of one mile or even 500 sq miles. So the grid is broken down further. Basic military land nav stuff!

An 8 digit coordinate will be much closer to the point (target). GPS, for example, can be as precise as a few feet or even inches!

In order for aerial- and satellite-imagery to be of any use from a spatial perspective, the images need to map to real-world locations. By recording the precise coordinates of locations that can be identified within an image, the image can be georeferenced and remapped using powerful software—such as Esri ArcGIS—into an accurate, usable map image that can be used in a number of industries and applications.

Without recording ground control, the accuracy of satellite imagery is usually anywhere from 10-50 meters off. However, once ground control has been applied to the image, the accuracy improves to 0.5 to 2 meters or better.

Accidents/Deaths:

It is generally reported that there were 4 deaths during the operation. But I found 3 more-

According to the Official 1947 US Navy report:

"There were seven deaths during the operation. Three members of a PBM Mariner that crashed on Rights Penninsula were killed. One of the survivors had both legs amputated below the knee as a result of injuries and subsequent frostbite. The 6 men had survived for two weeks in bad weather before finally being spotted. They were dropped more supplies and hiked 10 miles before being rescued.

One man from the USS Yancey was killed in an unloading accident at the Bay of Whales.
The young Seaman had just joined the Navy at age 17.

Two men from the Western Group were killed in an automobile accident while on liberty in Sydney, Australia.

One man from the Mount Olympus drowned in Panama. (The man was overleave (AWOL) and was attempting to avoid detection by swimming back to the ship"

Efforts to recover the 3 bodies as of 2009.

There were efforts to recover the bodies of 3 of the crew of PBM Mariner "George One." The effort was started by two of his nephews. In 2009 Lou Sapienza of the Greenland Expedition Society (recovered P-38 "Glacier Girl" from 250' under the Greenland ice sheet in 1992) volunteered to help. It is believed the remains are now under over 150' of ice.

The US Navy considered the mission too dangerous and a difficult decision because it would "would set a precedent for the recovery of sailors remains around the world," The Navy has not yet agreed to be involved.

Outcome:

The USN logged over 220 flight hours taking 70,000 photographs of 500,000 sq. miles of land area and coastline. According to the Official Report, all objectives were accomplished with the exception of a "Marston mat" steel mesh runway for wheeled aircraft due to the delay in reaching Little America and severe ice conditions in the Ross Sea leading to the early evacuation.

Operation Highjump established the Little America IV base and the expedition discovered, for the first time, that Antarctica had areas that were ice-free and even had pockets of water. From a scientific perspective, the expedition was a complete success. Air&Space Magazin similarly indicated that Operation Highjump laid the foundation for further U.S. explorations of the continent through the beginning of photo mapping techniques.

The six R4D Aircraft were left behind at "Little America". I don't know if all of them were ever recovered or used again. They were found nearly buried in the snow a year later during follow up in Operation Windmill.

Byrd was interviewed in Dec 1954 just prior to Operation Deep Freeze and referenced what Highjump had discovered He mentions the strategic importance and that no woman had ever set foot on Antarctica (yet) in 1954!

CLIP#5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrdSal9uH28&t=30s
(4:54 - 6:02) 2 min 56 sec

ROLL CLIP#5

NOTE: I hate to say this, but ADM Byrd was wrong! And I believe he knew it and made the statement on purpose - But that is a story I am researching for another segment.

I can't give much away just to say that it involved ADM Byrd and was the last privately funded Antarctic Expedition (I think you will enjoy that one Beast).

Treaty of Antarctica 1959:

In August 1948, the United States proposed that Antarctica be under the guardianship of the United Nations as a trust administered by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, United States, United Kingdom, and New Zealand. Still, the idea was rejected by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, and Norway. Before the rejection, on August 28, 1948, the United States proposed to the claimants some form of internationalization of Antarctica, with the support of the United Kingdom. Chile responded by presenting a plan to suspend any Antarctic claim for 5 to 10 years while negotiating a final solution, which did not happen. The interest of the United States to keep the Soviet Union away from Antarctica was frustrated when in 1950, the Soviets informed the claimants that it would not accept any Antarctic agreement in which it was not represented. The fear that the USSR would react by doing a territorial claim transferring the Cold War to Antarctica led the United States to not make any claim either.

The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earth's only continent without a native human population. For the purposes of the treaty system, Antarctica is defined as all of the land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude. The treaty entered into force in 1961 and currently has 54 parties.^[2] The treaty sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, establishes freedom of scientific investigation, and bans military activity on the continent. The treaty was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War. There have been at least 55 Antarctic stations established as a result.

I would encourage anyone interested to review the sources cited for this segment on my blog and view the official documents for themselves. Contrary to what you may hear, the 1948 USN documentary "The Secret Land- Operation Highjump" is not USN propaganda.

I also recommend reading the National Geographic Article written by Byrd - I included the link to the PDF in my sources.

In our final segment, I thought we could take some time to briefly review and discuss all of this:

And if listeners have any comments or questions (I have had a couple so far) they can post them in the chat and I will do my best to answer any questions they might have.

Sources:

http://www.histarmar.com.ar/Antartida/Base-Hitler/LaBaseAntarticadeHitler.pdf
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/antarctica/highjump/great_antarcticexpedition.htm
https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/technology/highjump/AntarcticFOIA.pdf
https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/technology/highjump/ADB217561.pdf
https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/technology/highjump/AD0895876.pdf
http://www.bahaistudies.net/asma/Operation_Highjump.pdf
http://www.south-pole.com/windmill.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KO6mWHvVks
1948 USN: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0bX93Snk0M
1954: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrdSal9uH28&t=30s
http://south-pole.com/cary.htm
Rear Adm. Richard E. Byrd, USN, (Ret.), "Our Navy Explores Antarctica," Published in "The National Geographic Magazine," October 1947, Vol. 94 No. 6. Pages 689-715.
https://archive.org/stream/194701to12/1947-10#page/n1/mode/2up
Dr. Paul Siple: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_zYbRWb_iY
MAIL: A Philatelic Introduction to OPERATION HIGHJUMP http://www.south-pole.com/highjump.htm

Photos: